Working memory vs short-term memory
Short-term memory holds information for a few seconds; working memory also lets you use it. Where the two ideas came from, how they differ and how each is measured.
The reading room
Research notes.
How memory works, briefly.
Short notes on the science behind the exercises, each with its sources. Written to be useful, honest about limits and quick to read.
How many things can you hold in mind?
Seven, plus or minus two, is the famous answer to how much short-term memory holds. Later research suggests about four chunks. Why the numbers differ and what changes them.
Chunking: how grouping helps you remember more
Chunking means grouping separate items into larger, meaningful units. Evidence from chess experts and digit-span training, and how to use chunking in memory games.
The method of loci: how the memory palace works
The method of loci, or memory palace, places vivid images along a familiar route. Its history, how to use it, and what studies of memory athletes and training show.
The spacing effect: why a little each day beats cramming
Spreading practice over several sessions leads to better long-term retention than the same practice crammed together. What the research shows and how to use spacing.
Does brain training work? What the evidence says
Practice improves the games you practise, but evidence that brain training improves everyday memory or thinking is weak. A summary of the major studies and reviews.